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Law enforcement access to testosterone prescription data through PDMPs was permitted in most states (Table). Among all 50 states, nearly half (48%; 24/50) did not require law enforcement to obtain a warrant or subpoena, while 28% (14/50) required a subpoena and 22% (11/50) required a warrant. Cross-state data sharing agreements were permitted in nearly all states (92%; 46/50 states). In 28% of states (14/50), PDMPs were authorized to proactively share unsolicited reports with law enforcement, and 46% (23/50) of states required law enforcement to disclose the contents of any PDMP query.
Among the 18 states with bans on gender-affirming care for minors, 10 required neither a warrant nor a subpoena, 5 required a subpoena, and 3 required a warrant (Figure). In contrast, among the 32 states without such bans, three-quarters (75%; 24/32) imposed no warrant requirement on law enforcement seeking access to prescription data.
State Policies Regulating Law Enforcement Access to Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Testosterone Prescription Data
Among the 18 states with bans on gender-affirming care for minors, 10 required neither a warrant nor a subpoena, 5 required a subpoena, and 3 required a warrant (Figure). In contrast, among the 32 states without such bans, three-quarters (75%; 24/32) imposed no warrant requirement on law enforcement seeking access to prescription data.
State Policies Regulating Law Enforcement Access to Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Testosterone Prescription Data